A case of skin ulcers secondary to extensive burns caused by flame and heavy metal-containing hydrothermal fluids / 中华烧伤杂志

On May 13, 2020, a 56-year-old man with extensive burns caused by flames and heavy metal-containing hydrothermal fluids was admitted to the General Hospital of Western Theater Command. After being admitted to the hospital, most of the burn wounds healed after treatments such as debridement, expansion, skin grafting, anti-shock, anti-infection, fluid replacement, and wound dressing change, etc. However, in the middle and late stages of treatment, the patient's burn wounds gradually showed repeated skin ulceration and inflammation. After excluding the cause of physical, bacterial infection and others, IgG4-related skin diseases was finally diagnosed by histopathological examination of tissue biopsy and concentration measurement of IgG4 in interstitial fluid, and the condition was improved after hormone treatment. This suggests that extensive burns may lead to the occurrence of autoimmune skin diseases. For the diagnosis of such diseases, it is necessary to combine clinical manifestations, serological examinations, and histopathological biopsy, etc. to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and draw correct conclusions.

Presentación cutánea atípica de histoplasmosis diseminada en paciente con VIH/sida / Atypical cutaneous presentation of disseminated

La histoplasmosis diseminada es una infección oportunista frecuente en los pacientes VIH/sida. Frecuentemente se encuentra compromiso cutáneo, siendo las formas clínicas más comunes el aspecto moluscoide, variceliforme y papulonecrótico.Se presenta el caso de una paciente con una forma cutánea atípica de histoplasmosis diseminada similar a pioderma gangrenoso cuyo diagnóstico fue realizado mediante escarificación.Es importante mantener la sospecha clínica en estas presentaciones atípicas y reforzar la utilidad de la escarificación de lesiones cutáneas como método rápido y efectivo para su diagnóstico.

Disseminated histoplasmosis is a frequent opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients. Cutaneous manifestations are common, the most frequent are molluscum contagio-sum-like lesions, varicelliform eruption and papulo-necro-tic lesions.We present a case of an atypical disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis with pyoderma gangrenosum-like ulcers, diagnosed by direct examination of tissue smear.It is important to have a high clinical suspicion of this atypical presentation and to emphasize the usefulness of skin smear as a simple and effective test to establish its diagnosis

Manejo de hemangioma ulcerado segmentario: combinación de tratamiento sistémico y tópico en dos casos pediátricos / Management of ulcers on a segmental hemangioma: A combination of systemic and topical therapies in two pediatric cases

Los hemangiomas infantiles (HI) son los tumores benignos más frecuentes de la infancia; la variante segmentaria es rara y se asocia con un mal pronóstico. Una de sus principales complicaciones es la ulceración durante la fase de crecimiento del tumor, a pesar de no presentar características macroscópicas compatibles con una lesión agresiva. El manejo en estos casos es dificultoso e impone la necesidad de asociar múltiples estrategias, algunas orientadas específicamente a impedir la proliferación del hemangioma y otras orientadas a la curación de la herida, el manejo del dolor y la prevención de la infección agregada. Presentamos dos casos a fin de comunicar nuestra experiencia respecto del manejo de dicha patología y su evolución final.

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign tumors of childhood, and segmental ones are rare and associated with a poor prognosis. While these tumors look harmless, one of their main related complications is ulceration during tumor growth. The management in these cases is extremely challenging, requiring a combination of multiple approaches, some specifically aimed at preventing the proliferation of the hemangioma and others aimed at wound care, pain management, and prevention of further infection. Here we discuss two cases to narrate our experience on the management of this condition and its outcome.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las úlceras por radionecrosis con colgajos músculo y fasciocutáneos / Surgical treatment of radionecrosis ulcers with myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps

Resumen Introducción: La Ulcera con radionecrosis debe ser resecada ampliamente y reparada con colgajos miocutáneos y fasciocutáneos. Objetivo: Presentar el tratamiento quirúrgico de las úlceras por radionecrosis mediante colgajos Miocutáneos y Fasciocutáneos pediculados y microquirúrgicos. Materiales y Método: La casuística es de 31 pacientes portadores de úlceras por radionecrosis resueltas con colgajos miocutáneos y fasciocutáneos. Ellos han sido pediculados y microquirúrgicos. Las edades fluctuaron entre 30 y 75 años operados entre el 2000 y el 2019. Resultados: Se realizaron 19 colgajos musculares o miocutáneos y 12 fasciocutáneos en diferentes zonas del organismo. Los colgajos correspondieron a: temporal, latissimus dorsi de pedículo central y en reversa, latissimus dorsi microquirúrgicos, recto abdominal, escapular microquirúrgico, para escapular, gracilis, gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, cubital microquirúrgico, fasciocutaneos: cone flap y de rotación local. Las complicaciones fueron dehiscencia de herida operatoria suturada y celulitis tratada con antibióticos. No hubo necrosis completa de los colgajos. El seguimiento fue de 3 a 6 meses. Discusión: En esta serie hemos utilizados los colgajos músculo cutáneos de preferencia, los fasciocutáneos los hemos reservados para aquellos casos en los que por razones anatómicas, de localización de las úlceras, era más adecuado usar estos últimos, como en las lesiones planas o poco profundas. Generalmente los colgajos fueron pediculados y en determinados casos, cuando el tejido vecino de reparación no estaba disponible, realizamos colgajos con microcirugía. Conclusión: El tratamiento de las úlceras por radionecrosis es efectivo cuando se realiza desbridamiento exhaustivo con cobertura inmediata con colgajos musculares o músculocutáneos y fasciocutáneos. Fueron colgajos pediculados y microquirúrgicos.

Introduction: The radionecrosis ulcer have to be widely resected and repaired trough flaps with good blood supply who contibute with oxigen, nutrients and antibiotics. Thinking on this the more suitable flaps are the myocutaneous ones and in special conditions the fasciocutaneous. Aim: The objetive of this paper is to show the surgical treatment of radionecrosis ulcers with myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps. Materials and Method: Casuistic is 31 patients with radionecrosis ulcers treated with, mainly, myocutaneous flaps and in special areas with fasciocutaneous ones. The majority were pedicle flaps and in less number microsurgical flaps. The age of patients were betwee30 and 75 years old. Results: 19 muscle or myocutaneous flaps and 12 fasciocutaneous flaps were made. Flaps were latissimus dorsi, temporal, escapular, para escapular, rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, gracilis, gatrocnemius, cone flap and local fasciocutaneous flaps. Complications were sutured operative wound dehiscence and cellulitis treated with antibiotics. There were no complete necrosis of any flap. Discusion: In this serie we used muscle or myocutaneous flaps because they give good blood supply, oxigen, nutrients and arrival of antibiotic with filling of the deep ulcers. When the ulcers were shallow we use fasciocutaneous flaps. The majority of our flaps were pedicles and microsurgical flaps were used when there was no near avialable tissue. Conclusion: The treatment have to be wide debridement of the ulcer. The surgical treatment is with myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps sometimes pediculates and in others conditions microsurgicals.

Emphasis on multidisciplinary collaboration in clinical diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune disease-related ulcers / 中华烧伤杂志

The global prevalence and incidence of autoimmune diseases are increasing year by year, and the autoimmune diseases have become a major threat to public health. In the progression of the diseases, persistent and complex abnormal immune responses often lead to long-term unhealed skin ulcers, which not only affect the life quality of patients, but also lead to the aggravation of primary diseases. Therefore, doctors in burn surgery and other wound repair surgeries should pay attention to the understanding of autoimmune diseases. In the treatment of autoimmune disease-related ulcers, it is recommended to formulate a unified treatment plan according to the law of occurrence and development of the diseases, and multidisciplinary cooperation is needed to accelerate wound healing and improve the quality of wound healing.

Diagnóstico e tratamento de úlcera hipertensiva de Martorell: artigo de revisão / Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la úlcera hipertensiva de Martorell: artículo de revisión / Diagnosis and treatment of Martorell's hypertensive ulcer: review article

Introdução: A úlcera hipertensiva de Martorell é uma ferida crônica, associada a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dedifícil manejo clínico e subdiagnosticada. Objetivo: Investigar os métodos de diagnóstico e os tratamentos existentes para a UHM. Método: Estudo descritivo e qualitativo de revisão integrativa com a análise sistemática de referências bibliográficas nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, MEDLINE e LILACS no período de 2016 e 2021, e periódicos da CAPES. Resultados: Clinicamente o paciente apresenta uma ferida pequena, de forma arredondada, superficial, com margens necróticas e cianóticas e eritema perilesional eventual. Os pulsos distais usualmente estão presentes e há ausência de edema e varizes locais. De todos os sinais e sintomas relatados, destaca-se a dor, descrita como intensa e desproporcional à sua dimensão. Conclusão: O cerne ao diagnóstico é avaliação clínica e o tratamento é a normalização da pressão arterial sistêmica e curativos regulares e, uso de analgésicos, antibióticos e vasodilatadores periféricos.(AU)

lntroduction: Martorell's hypertensive ulcer is a chronic wound, associated with systemic hypertension withdifficult clinicai management and it is often underdiagnosed. Goal: To investigate the diagnostic method and current treatments for Martorell's hypertensive ulcer disease. Method: A descriptive and qualitative study of integrative literature review with a systematic analysis of bibliographic references from PubMed, SciELO, MEDLINE and LILACS databases, ranging from 2016 to 2021, as well as selected articles from CAPES journals. Results: patients usually present with a small, rounded and superficial wound with cyanotic and necrotic edges and occasional perilesional erythema. Distal pulses are usually present and there is an absence of edema and local varicose veins. From all the signs and symptoms reported by patients with this type of injury, it is possible to point out that the pain is intense and disproportionate to its dimension. Conclusion: The core of diagnosis is the clinicai evaluation and the treatment is controlled systemic blood pressure, regular bandages and, if needed, analgesics, antibiotics and peripheral vasodilators. (AU)

lntrodución: La úlcera hipertensiva de Martorell es una herida crónica, asociada a la hipertensión arterial sistémica,de difícil manejo clínico y muchas veces subdiagnosticada. Objetivo: Investigar los métodos de diagnóstico y tratamientos existentes para este tipo de lesión. Método: Se realizá un análisis sistemático de referencias bibliográficas en las bases de datas PubMed, SciELO, MEDLINE y LILACS en el período de publicación entre 2016 y 2021, además de artículos seleccionados de revistas CAPES. Resultados: Clínicamente el paciente suele presentarse con una pequena herida, redondeada, superficial, con márgenes necróticos y cianóticos con eritema perilesional ocasional. Los pulsos distales suelen estar presentes y hay ausencia de edema y venas varicosas locales. De todos los signos y síntomas reportados por los pacientes con este tipo de lesiones, se destaca el dolor, que se describe como intenso y desproporcionado con la zona de la herida y su tamafio. Conclusión: La base dei tratamiento es la normalización de la presión arterial sistémica y los apósitos regulares y, si necesario, analgésicos, antibióticos y vaso dilatadores periféricos(AU)

Síndrome trófico trigeminal / Trigeminal trophic syndrome

El síndrome trófico trigeminal es una enfermedad infrecuente caracterizada por úlceras faciales autoprovocadas en regiones de anestesia o hipoestesia, secundarias al daño del nervio trigémino. Presentamos tres casos de este síndrome en seguimiento en nuestro centro.

Trigeminal trophic syndrome is an uncommon disease characterized by self-inflicted facial ulcers in anesthetic or hypoesthetic areas, secondary to trigeminal nerve damage. We present three cases in follow up at our hospital.

Atrofia branca de Milian / Atrofie blanche

A vasculopatia livedoide é uma doença cutâneo-vascular que surge devido à oclusão trombogênica de vasos da derme. Apresenta-se por meio de máculas ou pápulas eritematosas e purpúricas, em membros inferiores, que podem levar à ulceração dolorosa crônica e recorrente. Com a evolução, pode haver cicatrização, o que leva ao aparecimento de áreas de fibrose e cicatrizes atróficas, irregulares e esbranquiçadas, dando nome à patologia. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente com vasculopatia livedoide de acometimento de membros inferiores. (AU)

Livedoid vasculopathy is a vascular skin disease resulting from thrombogenic occlusion of dermal blood vessels. It presents with erythematous, purpuric macules or papules on the lower limbs, which can lead to chronic and recurrent painful ulceration. With its progression, there may be scarring leading to the appearance of areas of fibrosis and atrophic, irregular, and whitish scars, which gave this name to the pathology. The case of a patient with livedoid vasculopathy affecting the lower limbs is reported. (AU)

Analysis of animal models of chronic skin ulcers based on characteristics of clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese and Western medicine / 中国中药杂志

Based on the characteristics of clinical symptoms of chronic skin ulcers in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the current animal models of skin ulcers are summarized. This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of animal models according to the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic skin ulcers, traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnostic criteria and observation indicators, and eva-luates the agreement between the existing animal models and the characteristics of clinical syndromes of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for chronic skin ulcers. Through analysis and comparison, it is found that most of the existing modeling methods are single-factor animal models, and there are certain gaps in the physiological and pathological characteristics of chronic skin ulcers caused by clinical multi-factors and interactions. Most of the modeling methods are guided by Western medicine. The lack of pathogenic factors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the process of modeling. Therefore, this article proposes to establish a reasonable quantification standard for chronic skin ulcer animal models, and to establish a combination model of chronic skin ulcer disease with traditional Chinese and Western medicine as the focus of future animal model research.

Ulcera de Marjolin (carcinoma escamoso) sobre eventración abdominal / Marjolin ulcer (squamous carcinoma) over abdominal hernia

Introducción: Las úlceras de Marjolin son neoplasias cutáneas que asientan sobre pieles afectadas por úlceras crónicas, quemaduras, cicatrices, estasis venosa o heridas cutáneas. Generalmente se diagnostica por medio de biopsias, siendo los carcinomas escamosos la variedad más frecuente. Existe escasa información sobre su desarrollo en heridas quirúrgicas abdominales previas, y aún menos casos reportados de su aparición sobre un defecto de la pared abdominal. Objetivo: Reporte de un caso de un paciente con antecedente de múltiples cirugías abdominales que desarrolló un carcinoma escamoso sobre cicatriz de laparotomía previa. Pacientes y Métodos: Presentación de un de un paciente masculino de 61 años, con antecedente de laparotomía exploradora, que consultó por una tumoración, de 6 meses de evolución, vegetante sobre eventración de mediana suprainfraumbilical. Se realiza exéresis de lesión en bloque de pared con enterectomia, anastomosis primaria y eventroplastia con malla de reemplazo. Cursa internación prolongada y con mala evolución, falleciendo al 77 día postoperatorio. Conclusión: Los carcinomas de células escamosas que se desarrollan sobre lesiones cutáneas previas presentan una agresividad mayor a aquellos desarrollados espontáneamente, tienen alto porcentaje de recidiva y metástasis asociadas. Se propone abordajes quirúrgicos radicales para su tratamiento, aun asi presentando una morbimortalidad elevada

Background: Marjolin ulcers are skin malignancies that appear on skin affected by chronic ulcers, burns, scars, venous stasis or skin wounds. They are generally diagnosed through a biopsy and the most frequent type is the squamous cell carcinoma. There is little information on its development in existing abdominal surgical wounds, and there are even fewer cases reported in relation to its appearance upon an abdominal wall defect. Objective: To report a case of a patient with a history of multiple abdominal surgeries who developed a squamous cell carcinoma in an existing laparotomy scar in association with an incisional hernia. Patient and Methods: A 61-year-old male patient, with history of an exploratory laparotomy in 1986, presents with a 6-month-old vegetating tumor upon a supra-infraumbilical median eventration. An excision of the lesion that included the abdominal wall and an associated enterectomy, primary anastomosis, and eventroplasty with replacement mesh was performed. During his prolonged hospital stay, he underwent with many medical intercurrences and even an additional surgery was needed. Eventually, the patient dies 77 days after the surgery. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinomas that develop in existing skin lesions tend to be more aggressive than those that develop spontaneously. They have a high percentage of recurrence and associated metastases. Radical surgical approaches are suggested for its treatment, although it has a high morbidity and mortality rate.

Disseminated tuberculosis associated with reactive arthritis of Poncet in an immunocompetent patient

Abstract Cutaneous tuberculosis is a rare extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis which, like disseminated tuberculosis, commonly occurs in immunocompromised patients. Poncet reactive arthritis is a seronegative arthritis affecting patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which is uncommon even in endemic countries. We report a previously healthy 23-year-old male patient with watery diarrhea associated with erythematous ulcers on the lower limbs and oligoarthritis of the hands. Histopathological examination of the skin showed epithelioid granulomatous process with palisade granulomas and central caseous necrosis. AFB screening by Ziehl-Neelsen staining showed intact bacilli, the culture was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and colonoscopy revealed multiple shallow ulcers. Disseminated tuberculosis associated with reactive Poncet arthritis was diagnosed, with an improvement of the clinical and skin condition after appropriate treatment.

Carcinoma epidermoide metastásico asociado a epidermólisis ampollosa distrófica / Metastasic squamous cell carcinoma in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

Caso clínico: femenino de 18 años con diagnóstico de epidermolisis ampollosa distrófica (EAD) quién desarrolló una neoformación nodular sobre una úlcera crónica. Se diagnosticó carcinoma epidermoide (CE) invasor al que se realizó resección. Sin embargo, 5 meses después del tratamiento quirúrgico presentó metástasis a ganglios, pulmón e hígado con desenlace fatal. Comentarios: el CE es la causa más importante de muerte en pacientes con EAD. Suele ser agresivo y metastásico. Se recomienda una vigilancia cada 3 a 6 meses para realizar diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos (AU)

Case report: 18-year-old female patient with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) who developed a tumor over a chronic ulcer. She was diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and underwent surgical resection. However, 5 months later she presented metastases to the lymph nodes, lung and liver with a fatal outcome. Comments: SCC is the most important cause of death in patients with DEB. It is usually aggressive and metastatic. Surveillance every 3 to 6 months is recommended for prompt diagnosis and treatment (AU)

Instrument Validation on Nurses' Knowledge and Practice in Palliative Care for People with Cutaneous Malignant Tumor Wound / Validación de instrumento sobre el saber y el quehacer de enfermeros en los cuidados paliativos hacia la persona con herida tumoral maligna cutánea / Validação de instrumento sobre o saber e o fazer de enfermeiros nos cuidados paliativos à pessoa com ferida tumoral maligna cutânea

ABSTRACT Objective: To present the construction and validation process of an instrument to evaluate the knowledge and practice of nurses in palliative care toward the person with cutaneous malignant tumor wound. Materials and Methods: Methodological, quantitative study with applying the Delphi technique, conducted in two stages. The first was carried out with 30 judges and the second with 17. The analysis used the Lambda 2 Guttmann coefficient, Kappa index, and Content Validity Index (CVI). Results: Of the 112 items of the original instrument, 28 were excluded, given that the percentiles of Lambda 2 Guttmann, Kappa, and CVI had indicators lower than acceptable; thus, the second version of the instrument resulted with 84 items, which presented 100 % acceptance in the Delphi 2 phase. Conclusions: From the evaluation by the judges, a version of the instrument was defined with adequate content validity and concordance indices, which could contribute to the evaluation of knowledge and practice of nurses in palliative care toward the person with cutaneous malignant tumor wound.

RESUMEN Objetivo: presentar el proceso de construcción y validación de un instrumento para evaluar el saber y el quehacer de enfermeros en los cuidados paliativos hacia la persona con herida tumoral maligna cutánea. Materiales y método: estudio metodológico, cuantitativo, con aplicación de la técnica Delphi, realizada en dos etapas. La primera se realizó con 30 jueces y la segunda, con 17. Para el análisis, se emplearon coeficiente de Lambda 2 Guttman, índice Kappa y Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC). Resultados: de los 112 ítems del instrumento original, 28 fueron excluidos, pues los porcentuales de Lambda 2 Guttman, el Kappa y el IVC presentaron indicadores menores que el aceptable; así, la segunda versión del instrumento resultó en 84 ítems, lo que presentó aceptación en 100 % en la fase Delphi 2. Conclusiones: a partir de la evaluación de los jueces, se definió una versión del instrumento con índice de concordancia y validez de contenido adecuados, que podrá aportar a la evaluación del saber y del quehacer de enfermeros en los cuidados paliativos hacia la persona con herida tumoral maligna cutánea.

RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar o processo de construção e validação de um instrumento para avaliar o saber e o fazer de enfermeiros nos cuidados paliativos destinados à pessoa com ferida tumoral maligna cutânea. Materiais e método: estudo metodológico, quantitativo, com aplicação da técnica Delphi, realizada em duas etapas. A primeira realizada com 30 juízes; a segunda, com 17. Para a análise, utilizaram-se o coeficiente de Lambda 2 Guttman, o índice Kappa e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Resultados: dos 112 itens do instrumento original, 28 foram excluídos, pois os percentuais de Lambda 2 Guttman, o Kappa e o IVC apresentaram escores menores do que o aceitável; desse modo, a segunda versão do instrumento resultou em 84 itens, o qual apresentou aceitação em 100 % na fase Delphi 2. Conclusões: a partir da avaliação dos juízes, foi definida uma versão do instrumento com índice de concordância e validade de conteúdo adequados, que poderá contribuir para a avaliação do saber e do fazer de enfermeiros nos cuidados paliativos destinados à pessoa com ferida tumoral maligna cutânea.

Anal mycobacterial infections / Infecções micobacterianas do ânus

Abstract Background Mycobacterial infections are a serious public health problem worldwide. Involvement of the anal canal and perineum is very rare, but constitute an important differential diagnosis with other equally serious pathologies that may affect the region, such as malignant neoplasms and Crohn's disease. Objectives To conduct a literature review on mycobacterial infections of the perianal region considering the most recent information for diagnostic and therapeutic guidance of this disease. Methods Research was performed on the PUBMED and LILACS databases with the expressions Mycobacterium, Anal, Infection and Tuberculosis. We reviewed articles referring to series of treated cases, clinical reports and literature review published since 2005. Results Information was compiled on the epidemiology of mycobacterial infections; the clinical behavior of affected individuals; diagnostic options and their validity in clinical practice; and, finally, therapeutic options. Conclusions Mycobacterial infections of the anus and perineum are rare. The most common clinical presentations are the presence of ulceration and fistulization. The diagnosis involves more than one procedure for identifying the bacilli and should consider the presence of manifestations in more than one organ. The treatment is based on pharmacological intervention. Surgery is recommended for acute complications or chronic sequelae of the disease.

Resumo Introdução Infecções micobacterianas constituem um grave problema de saúde pública a nível mundial. As manifestações anoperineais são raras, mas constituem um importante diagnóstico diferencial com outras patologias igualmente graves que podem acometer a região, como as neoplasias malignas e a doença de Crohn. Objetivos Realizar um levantamento da literatura sobre infecções micobacterianas da região anoperineal, considerando as informações mais atuais para orientação diagnóstica e terapêutica dessa enfermidade. Métodos Foi realizada pesquisa nos bancos de dados PUBMED e LILACS com as expressões Mycobacterium, Anal, Infection e Tuberculosis. Foram revisados artigos referentes a séries de casos tratados, relatos clínicos e revisão da literatura publicada a partir de 2005. Resultados Foram compiladas informações sobre a epidemiologia das infecções micobacterianas; o comportamento clínico dos indivíduos afetados; opções diagnósticas e sua validade na prática clínica; e, por fim, opções terapêuticas. Conclusões Infecções micobacterianas da região anoperineal são raras. As apresentações clínicas mais comuns são a formação de ulceras e a fistulização. O diagnóstico envolve mais de um procedimento para identificação dos bacilos, e deve considerar a presença de manifestações em mais de um órgão. O tratamento é principalmente medicamentoso, sendo a cirurgia recomendada nas complicações agudas ou sequelas crônicas da doença.

Pioderma gangrenoso como manifestación Inicial de síndrome mielodisplásico / Pyoderma gangrenosum as initial manifestation of syndrome myelodysplastic

El pioderma gangrenoso es una dermatosis neutrofílica poco común que se presenta como un desorden inflamatorio y ulcerativo de la piel. Más de la mitad de los pacientes que desarrollan esta afección, tienen asociada una enfermedad sistémica subyacente. Caso clínico: paciente femenina de 79 años de edad, previamente sana, quien acude por presentar desde 4 días antes, flictenas violáceas, de contenido serohemático que se decapitan dejando úlcera superficial de fondo eritematoso, y luego profundizaron, no mejoraron con antibióticos por lo que se toma biopsia cutánea que reporta hallazgos compatibles con pioderma gangrenoso; se inició tratamiento con corticoides tópicos y sistémicos evidenciando mejoría de las lesiones. Durante la investigación etiológica se constató descenso de todas las líneas hematológicas y la biopsia de médula ósea mostró síndrome mielodisplásico con displasia unilínea de bajo grado. Discusión: El pioderma gangrenoso de tipo buloso, está comúnmente asociado a enfermedades hematológicas; en pacientes sin alteraciones hematológicas iniciales, debe haber un seguimiento estricto enfocado en la búsqueda de estos trastornos en un lapso de hasta 10 años. Se trata con fármacos inmunosupresores e inmunomoduladores. Conclusiones: ante la presencia de pioderma gangrenoso se debe sospechar síndrome mielodisplásico(AU)

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon neutrophilic dermatosis that presents as an inflammatory and ulcerative disorder of the skin. More than half of patients with pyoderma gangrenosum develop the disorder in association with an underlying systemic disease. Clinical case: 79-year-old female patient, previously healthy, who consulted for a period of 4 days, purplish skin lesions, which, once decapitated, showed a superficial ulcer that did not improve with broad spectrum antibiotics. The biopsy is taken, which reports findings compatible with pyoderma gangrenosum, so treatment with topical and systemic corticosteroids is started showing improvement of the lesions. During the diagnostic workup, pancytopenia was verified and, after ruling out other etiologies, bone marrow biopsy was performed, which allowed the diagnosis of lower-risk myelodysplastic syndrome with single lineage dysplasia. Discussion: Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum is most commonly seen in patients with hematologic disease; due to the strong association between bullous PG and hematologic disease, patients who present without an associated hematologic disorder should be followed closely for the development of a hematologic disorder. Conclusion: Etiological search for pyoderma gangrenosum allows early diagnosis and timely treatment of the underlying disease(AU)

Deep cutaneous ulcers and sinus formation in an immunocompetent adult

Abstract This report describes a case of unusual deep skin ulcers with tortuous sinus tract formation in an immunocompetent woman. She was initially diagnosed with a Staphylococcus aureus skin infection and histopathologically diagnosed with pyoderma gangrenosum. However, culture from the deep end of ribbon gauze inserted into the subcutaneous sinus tract revealed shiny, light-yellow mucoid colonies, which were identified as Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. She was treated with fluconazole for nine months and completely healed. Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection caused by variants of C. neoformans species. Cutaneous manifestations of cryptococcosis are quite divergent, rarely occurring as deep skin ulcers with sinus formation.

Evidências científicas sobre as úlceras de pernas como sequela da hanseníase / Evidencias científicas sobre las úlceras de piernas como secuela de la lepra / Scientific evidence on leg ulcers as leprosy sequel

Resumo Objetivo Investigar as evidências científicas sobre as úlceras de pernas como sequela da hanseníase. Métodos Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL). Para identificação do tema e questão de pesquisa, utilizou-se a estratégia PICo, na sequencia procedeu-se a busca nas bases de dados: Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Banco de dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), EMBASE (Elsevier), PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), SCOPUS (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), selecionados os descritores específicos para cada uma delas e elaboradas as respectivas estratégias de busca. Os idiomas considerados foram: inglês, português e espanhol. O período da RIL foi indeterminado. Para a seleção dos estudos, utilizou-se a ferramenta Ryyan que permitiu dois dos autores independentemente incluir, excluir, ou ficar indeciso, as discordâncias foram solucionadas por um terceiro. Os artigos selecionados foram classificados de acordo com a Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). E para a interpretação dos resultados os artigos foram agrupados por semelhança e categorizados da seguinte maneira: autor, ano país, nível de evidência, objetivos e resultados, conclusão e recomendação. Resultados Identificou-se 415 estudos e 10 foram incluídos na revisão. O resultado principal obtido foi o tratamento tópico da úlcera, as vulnerabilidades e os determinantes que assolam os acometidos pela hanseníase não foram estudados. Conclusão Não há fortes evidências sobre as terapias para o tratamento de úlceras de pernas decorrentes da hanseníase que apoiem a diminuição de sequelas incapacitantes ocasionadas pela doença perpetuando o estigma e a desigualdade social.

Resumen Objetivo investigar las evidencias científicas sobre las úlceras de piernas como secuela de la lepra. Métodos revisión integradora de la literatura (RIL). Para la identificación del tema y pregunta de la investigación, se utilizó la estrategia PICo, luego se procedió a la búsqueda en las bases de datos: Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (Lilacs), Banco de dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), EMBASE (Elsevier), PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), SCOPUS (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), se seleccionaron los descriptores específicos para cada una y se elaboraron las respectivas estrategias de búsqueda. Se consideraron los idiomas inglés, portugués y español. El período de la RIL fue indeterminado. Para la selección de los estudios, se utilizó la herramienta Ryyan, que permitió dos de los autores independientemente incluir, excluir o estar indeciso, las discrepancias fueron resueltas por un tercero. Los artículos seleccionados se clasificaron según la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Y para la interpretación de los resultados, los artículos se agruparon por semejanza y se categorizaron de la siguiente manera: autor, año, país, nivel de evidencia, objetivos y resultados, conclusión y recomendación. Resultados se identificaron 415 estudios y se incluyeron 10 en la revisión. El resultado principal obtenido fue el tratamiento tópico de la úlcera, las vulnerabilidades y los determinantes que asolaron a los afectados por la lepra no fueron estudiados. Conclusión no hay fuertes evidencias sobre las terapias para el tratamiento de úlceras de piernas resultantes de la lepra que justifiquen la reducción de secuelas incapacitantes provocadas por la enfermedad, perpetuando el estigma y la desigualdad social.

Abstract Objective To investigate the scientific evidence on leg ulcers as leprosy sequel. Methods This is an Integrative Literature Review (ILR). In order to identify the theme and research question, the PICo strategy was used, in the sequence the search was carried out in Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Latin American & Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), (BDENF), EMBASE (Elsevier), PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), SCOPUS (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) databases. Specific descriptors were selected for each of them and respective search strategies were created. The languages considered were English, Portuguese and Spanish. The ILR period was indeterminate. For the study selection, the Ryyan tool was used and allowed two of the authors to independently include, exclude or remain undecided, disagreements were solved by a third party. The selected articles have been ranked according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). And for interpretation of results, the articles were grouped by similarity and categorized into author, country year, level of evidence, objectives and results, conclusion and recommendation. Results 415 studies were identified and 10 were included in the review. The main outcome was the topical treatment of ulcers, the vulnerabilities and the determinants that afflict those affected by leprosy were not studied. Conclusion There is no strong evidence on therapies for the treatment of leprosy-induced leg ulcers that support the reduction of disabling sequel caused by disease perpetuating stigma and social inequality.

Case for diagnosis. Diffuse ulcerated nodular lesions

Abstract Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare clonal proliferative disease, characterized by the infiltration of one or multiple organs by histiocytes. Due to the diversity of signs and symptoms, the diagnosis of this disease is often late. The estimated incidence in adults is one to two cases per million, but the disease is probably underdiagnosed in this population. This report presents a case of disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The authors highlight the most characteristic aspects of this rare and heterogeneous disease, which usually presents as a challenging clinical diagnosis.

Lesões por queimaduras com evolução para neoplasia: úlceras de Marjolin / Burn lesions with progression to neoplasia: Marjolin's ulcer

Introdução: A Úlcera de Marjolin é definida como a malignização de cicatrizes, geralmente, crônicas, decorrentes de diversos tipos de lesão, sendo mais comum lesões por queimaduras. Métodos: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico nas plataformas BVS, PubMed, SciELO e Cochrane, tendo como critério de inclusão estudos publicados nos últimos 5 anos, que envolvem a espécie humana, disponíveis na web nos idiomas inglês ou português. Resultados: Analisados um total de 31, dos quais apenas 6 compuseram a amostra final. Discussão: As úlceras de Marjolin são encontradas em cicatrizes antigas de queimaduras, podem ocorrer em qualquer local, sendo mais comuns em membros superiores e inferiores. O diagnóstico inicia-se com a suspeita clínica baseada em características das lesões: lesões ulcerativas crônicas que não cicatrizam, com bordas elevadas e endurecidas e odor desagradável, podendo apresentar descarga purulenta. Esse só pode ser efetivado, entretanto, por meio do histopatológico da lesão. O período de latência entre a injúria da lesão e a sua malignização é, em média, de 30 a 35 anos. O tratamento deve ser individualizado, uma vez que depende de diversos fatores. Contudo, considera-se o padrão ouro a excisão cirúrgica. Conclusão: O conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde acerca dessa condição faz-se imprescindível para o melhor prognóstico do paciente. De modo que possíveis casos de malignização não tenham o seu diagnóstico subestimado, permita a terapêutica adequada à minimização das recidivas, e medidas profiláticas sejam efetivadas, no que tange à prevenção da queimadura e à minoração de fatores de risco para a malignização.

Introduction: Marjolin's ulcer is defined as a malignancy within scars that is usually chronic and results from several lesion types, with burn injuries being the most common. Methods: A bibliographic survey was conducted of the Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Cochrane databases using the inclusion criteria of studies published in the last 5 years, human studies, and published in English or Portuguese. Results: A total of 31 studies were analyzed, of which only 6 were included in the final sample. Discussion: Marjolin's ulcer is found in old burn scars and can occur anywhere, but it is more common in the upper and lower limbs. The diagnosis begins with the clinical suspicion based on lesion characteristics: chronic unhealed ulcerative lesions with high and hardened edges, an unpleasant odor, and purulent discharge. However, the diagnosis can only be made histopathologically. The latency period between injury and malignancy is 30­35 years. Although treatment should be individualized since it depends on several factors, surgical excision is considered the gold standard. Conclusion: Knowledge about this condition is essential to better patient prognosis and prevent underestimation of possible cases of malignancy, allowing for appropriate therapy to minimize recurrence and enabling prophylactic measures to prevent burn injury and reduce risk factors for malignancy.